2012/10/20

adverb

especially

People suffer from smog, especially in industrial cities.
人々はスモッグに苦しむ、とくに工業地帯では。

He goes out very often, especially in spring.
彼はよく外出する、特に春には。

He especially likes music.
彼はとりわけ音楽が好きだ。

A severe winter is especially hard on old people.
厳しい冬は、老人にとってはとりわけつらい。

It is especially cold this morning.
今朝はとくに寒い。

Young children especially need a lot of attention.
幼児はとりわけ手がかかる。

(note: )
S+V+O,  especially+S...OK
S+V+O,  especially+S+V+O...NG
Especially  S+V+O...OK
S+Especially+V+O...OK
S+V+Especially+C...OK


元々: I think "The Brave Hearts Umizaru".
Because I had created a lot of models in the movie.
Especially the featured container ship and broken airplane were created for a long time. まあまあ

Because I had created a lot of models in the movie, especially the featured container ship and broken airplane were created for a long time. 文法に不正解

Because I had created a lot of models in the movie, especially the featured container ship and broken airplane, which were created for a long time. 文法に正解

Because I had created a lot of models in the movie, especially the featured container ship and broken airplane, which were created over a long period of time. 正解で自然

Because I had created a lot of models in the movie. Especially the featured container ship and broken airplane, which were created over a long period of time.文法の規則的には不正解けどよく口語で言います。息継ぎが大変だからだと思う



(references)
副詞の使い方

sequence of tenses

(sample)
When I saw the completed movie, I knew I had experienced the most important and hardest work in my life.

I saw... I knew... I had...(in this case, there are past time, not past perfect)


It has been the most important and hardest work in my life. (past perfect)

It was the most important and hardest work in my life.(past time)



noun

count noun/non-count noun




non-count noun


  • work(often)



2012/10/06

Verbs

differences of " Watch, See,Look "


watch: more active more effort longer time I deliberately look for a longer time.
see: more passive does not require effort unintentional random
look at: more effort shorter time I deliberately look

(example)
I watch TV.
I watch a movie on TV.
I watch the birds outside my window.

I see a movie.
I saw Rush play at the Palace.
I see the birds outside my window.
I see = I notice / I can see

(I go to a concert.)

I look at a flower.
I look at her face.
I look at a painting.
I look at the birds outside my window.


V1 V2-ing" versus "V1 to V2

I had experience+verbal noun....
      (past perfect)

(example)
I had experience working...OK
I had experience to work...NG




Obama has experience being president. (True)
Obama doesn't have experience being president. (False)

Romney has experience being president. (False)
Romney has experience to be president. (Opinion; Republicans probably believe this is true)
Romney doesn't have experience to be president. (Opinion; Democrats probably believe this is true)

I went to the park riding my bike. 自転車で(自転車を乗って)公園へ行った。
I went to the park to ride my bike. 自転車を乗るために公園へ(例:車で)行った。

I saved money buying cheap food. 安い食べ物を買って金を貯めた。
I saved money to buy expensive food.  高い食べ物を買うために金を貯めた。

I'll stop dancing. 踊るのをやめる。
I'll stop to dance. 踊るために他の活動(例:歩くの)をやめる。

I'll practice dancing. 踊るのを練習する。
I'll practice to dance. 踊るために(準備のために)練習しておく。

上記の例文には、「to」は「ため・目的」の意味があります。他の場合には場合によりけりです:

I like dancing.
I like to dance. 同じ意味

I love dancing.
I love to dance. 同じ意味

I hate dancing.
I hate to dance. 同じ意味

I'll begin dancing.
I'll begin to dance. 同じ意味

I'll start dancing.
I'll start to dance. 同じ意味

I'll consider dancing. 踊ろうか踊りたくないか、思い巡らす。(踊りたいか、踊りたくないか、まだ決めていない。)
*I'll consider to dance. 不正解

I'll think about dancing. 意味は二つある。一つ目のは「I'll consider dancing」と同じです。二つ目は:「踊ることを考える。」たとえば、足が骨折した時、踊りの練習が出来ないから、実際に踊っていることを想像して練習する。
*I'll think about to dance. 不正解

I'll work on dancing. 「work on」は「practice」や「study」の代わりによく使います。それで、「踊ることを練習する」という意味です。
*I'll work on to dance. 不正解

*The leaf seemed dancing in the wind. 不正解
The leaf seemed to dance in the wind. 葉が風に踊っているように見えた。

I want dancing. (例:ミュージカル映画を作るなら)ダンスがほしい。
I want to dance. 踊りたい。

I'm just about dancing. 私はいずれ踊れるようになる。(例:踊るのをまだ習っているがいずれ踊れるようになる)
I'm just about to dance. 踊るところだ。すぐ(間もなく)踊る。

I'm almost dancing. 私はいずれ踊れるようになる。(例:踊るのをまだ習っているがいずれ踊れるようになる)
*I'm almost to dance. 不正解



The leaf was almost dancing. = The leaf seemed to dance.

踊れている = "I can dance"
ほとんど踊れている = "I can almost dance"